Here’s a bizarre dichotomy to consider: corrective rape. Yes, raping a person to make them see the error of their ways. I wish I could tell you I’d made it up, but it seems it’s all the rage at home, in South Africa. Now take a moment to consider and remember the following women, all victims of corrective rape, all black, all young, all lesbians, all dead:
* Noxolo Nogwaza — raped, stabbed and stoned to death in an alleyway in Kwa-Thema, near
Johannesburg, in April, simply for being a lesbian. She was also a mother. Her eyes were pushed out of her skull, used condoms littered the scene, a paving stone lay near her crushed head, and there was a beer bottle against her vagina. She was 24. Her name means peace.
* Luleka Makiwane — contracted HIV when she was raped by a cousin hellbent on trying to “prove” she was a woman, not a man. Cock does that, you know, it sorts the women from the men. Luleka ultimately succumbed to Aids.
* Nosizwe Nomsa Bizana — gang-raped by five men, and now dead from crypto meningitis, believed to have been contracted during the attack, or possibly as a complication of the trauma she suffered.
* Nokuthula Radebe — strangled with her own shoelaces and found in an abandoned building with her pants pulled down and plastic covering her face, at the age of 20.
* Eudy Simelane — gang-raped, brutally beaten and stabbed to death at the age of 31 because she was a lesbian. Eudy was a talented footballer who had played for the acclaimed South African national women’s team. She worked with the handicapped and was an HIV/ Aids counsellor. Her naked body was found dumped in a ditch.
These are some of the 30-odd women known to have been murdered in my homeland in the last decade merely because of their sexual orientation. Countless more have been raped for being lesbians, a crime now dubbed “corrective rape” because the perpetrators seem to believe that a violent, demeaning shot from the old meat injection is all it will take to make lesbians see sense and realise that a penis is what they needed all along. This is precisely what happened to Millicent Gaika (pictured), a lesbian who was raped and beaten for five hours by a man she knew who said he was going to turn her into a woman.
Yes, I know: it’s about as logical as suggesting a gang of gay thugs raping a straight bloke will change his sexual allegiance, but some people really are pig-ignorant, illogical and deluded, while bloated with dangerous machismo and immense hubris.
Stupidity and ego are a toxic combination. Some men think their love is all you need.
Let me get one thing straight though: on paper, South Africa is one of the most progressive places on the planet when it comes to gay rights. The country’s post-apartheid constitution was the first in the world to stipulate that nobody may be discriminated against due to sexual orientation, or gender or race for that matter. South Africa was the first country in notoriously homophobic Africa (where 37 countries outlaw homosexuality completely) and the fifth country in the whole world to legalise same-sex marriage. There’s none of that civil union lark. Lest the First World feel smug, please note that 42 Commonwealth countries still have homophobic legislation on their statute books.
Equally, South Africa was the first republic to provide non-heterosexual people with the same rights regarding adoption and military service as heterosexual folk. We’re very proud of our constitution. Well, some of us are.
In the thriving cities and metropolises, being gay is pretty much accepted, while there are Gay Pride parades, and there is a thriving gay scene.
Unfortunately, the law doesn’t always filter down to the boneheads on the street, to the cretins who see lesbianism as a direct affront to their manliness, an insult, a rejection of the lads, and something they must self-righteously fix with a brutal beating from their own beloved love truncheon. It’s a growing problem as the poison of homophobia seeps through the dust and the shantytowns.
Yes, rape as therapy.
Countless women are raped each day because of their sexual orientation. One estimate based on calls to a Cape Town-based action group alone puts the figure at ten a week in that city’s informal sprawl. Last Thursday (5 May), a mere 13-year-old girl was raped in Pretoria’s Atteridgeville because she was open about fancying girls.
Yet, very obviously, rape is not a cure for anything at all, and being raped has never changed a person’s mind — except, perhaps, to confirm a woman’s suspicions that some men are barbaric and, in the case of gang-raped lesbians, to confirm that they were right all along.
Finally, possibly ten years too late, the South African police are setting up a task-force to tackle the issue.
What is needed, however, is a complete change of mindset, a realisation that in every civilization since the beginning of time between three and ten percent of the population were gay. It’s seen in frescoes from Pompeii, in ancient Greek mythology, from Michelangelo to Marlene Dietrich, from Ottoman sultans to Oscar Wilde, from King Shaka to Billie Jean King… It’s frequently seen in the animal kingdom too. It was rife and widely accepted in Africa before the missionaries came.
And why should anyone care what another adult does with their own genitalia anyway? What goes on between consenting adults is nobody else’s business at all. Not that any of this is consolation to the families, friends and lovers of all the victims of corrective rape, or any salve to the jagged memory of Luleka, Nosizwe, Nokuthula, Eudy and Noxolo, whose name means peace…



Shocking, sobering read. Scary.
Thanks for bringing this back into the spotlight. I have been following this story pretty closely and set up a facebook group a good while ago (back when that was the done thing) which gained 3K + followers. It’s an uncomfortable subject and one which a lot of people are not happy to talk about. I really hope this story gains momentum. If you want to check out some of the stuff on the FB group here’s the link: http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=58521804094
There are some follow up stories as well as some experience from women in based in Africa.
May they rest in peace, and may their suffering ignite the movement to stop this. This happens more often that people realize in more or less dramatic ways. Hate crimes in the United States, happen. I am afraid no law is ever going to stop this. As you well said, minds need to change, education, respect and love for all those that are different to us–MUST BE A PRIORITY. I sound so 1960′s… but it is a mantra I can’t stop using these days.
Jennie
Thanks for this post. I first heard of this practice in Ireland about 20 years ago. Even then, I was utterly shocked that anyone would think they could ‘cure’ lesbianism.
In the past year, it has come to my attention that there is almost a corrective rape movement in South Africa and that many women have been affected by it.
I hear what you’re saying about progressive constitutions and the length of time it can take for that progression to filter down to the man on the street. It’s the same in India – with dowries, sati, and caste-ism all being illegal, but still widely practiced.
Thank you for raising awareness of the subject through the Anti-Room.
Hazel
That’s powerful stuff, very well written and evocative. Well done.
Shocking and upsetting, but I’m glad you wrote this. Those poor women.
Brutal, shocking, aberrant, barbarous, sadistic, cruel, pointless, primitive, tyrannical. Is the same ‘corrective’ measures applied to the court process and sentencing in return – given the progressive constitution – or is it treated impeachably ‘lite’? Such horrific tales, such incredible women, puts everything into perspective. We need to be reminded of these horrors.
When they catch them the courts generally come down quite hard, which is a small mercy. In the case of Eudy, four men were charged with the attack. One pleaded guilty to rape and murder and got 32 years. Another was found guilty of murder, rape and robbery and received life+35. Two were acquitted.
The problem is catching them though, and changing the mindset so the poison doesn’t spread.
Thanks for this. I’m looking for 5 stories from Africa this week that we’re putting together for an International Day Against Homophobia and Transphobia event where I work, so I will include at least one of these women.
Small clarification:
Lest the First World feel smug, please note that 42 Commonwealth countries still have homophobic legislation on their statute books.
I don’t think this quite makes sense – the majority of Commonwealth countries aren’t developed countries. I agree about First World countries not feeling too smug, but I don’t think the statistic about the Commonwealth countries backs it up!
Very fair point, Mary. Thank-you.
I would argue, however, that much of the gay rights law in Commonwealth countries is the legacy of colonial legislation, although frankly the former colonials should grow some balls!
Much of the colonial law has never been changed…
According to the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative under the auspices of the Institute of Commonwealth studies: “The designation of sodomy as a criminal offence was a criminal law imposed in the late 19th century on British colonies, which still operates in 43 countries.” (There are 54 members states.)
“Decolonization saw newly independent states taking one of three routes to reforming their criminal law: enacting a new criminal code that codified existing criminal practice, including the colonial criminal code…; amending existing colonial criminal or penal codes; or keeping the common law in place. This last option provided a system of established common law precedent and training which was invaluable to the newly independent states, and allowed a solidification of legal principles into social values.
Despite frequent claims that homosexuality is against tradition and biblical teachings or an abomination to society which would cause moral decay it must be recognized that the colonial environment was a passive laboratory for experiments in rationalizing and systematizing law. The brutality with which homosexuals were denigrated in medieval Britain – the last known execution for “buggery” in England was in 1836 – is still echoed in the treatment that Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) peoples endure in some Commonwealth countries today. “
Agreed – it just read like you were counting all the Commonwealth countries as First World!
I’d be a bit wary with that Commonwealth quote, actually – I think it’s incredibly important to recognise the role of colonialism in importing and codifying Western-style homophobia in law all around the world, but sometimes things like that err a bit too much on the side of “everything was great until the British came!” which erases the variety of indigenous histories of homosexual behaviours and how they were circumscribed and/or incorporated into society. One of the things that colonialism has destroyed is hundreds of different societies’ ways of understanding sexuality and sexual expression, and LGBT liberation on the Western model can be as much part of that process as colonial exportations of homophobia.
OMG i cant say anymore I’m so disgusted !!
It does make you weep – and despair.
What I wonder would the Commonwealth be willing to do, if asked, say by Britain. to make all these bestialities a capital crime in all Commonwealth countries with the suspension and then expulsion of any country not complying?
I don’t think the Commonwealth works like that. I’m not an expert, but as far as I know, the Commonwealth is run by consensus, so you’d need everyone (or at the very least a majority) to agree to a policy like that. UK (or even a coalition of the major developed countries – Australia, Canada, South Africa, New Zealand etc) can’t unilaterally impose a requirement like that and kick people out if they don’t agree.
Oh, an addendum: my Twitter mate @sindivanzyl is a doctor in South Africa and she says the following: “Cryptococcal meningitis is a complication of HIV – one of the Aids-defining illnesses, so you can’t contract it from anyone. We see it in patients who are HIV positive and with very very low CD4 counts.”
Presumably then, Nosizwe had Aids or was HIV positive, quite possibly after being gang-raped by five men.
Shocking and disturbing stuff.
Another observation is that it shows how hard it is for states to change cultures with top-down laws. I wonder what is the best way to change cultures?
Well clearly if lesbians can be ‘corrected’ using this novel approach, there must be something these thugs can do to ‘correct’ gay men too. How do they deal with this? Is it an issue, or is it just the usual double standard?
Hi Patricia.
Bizarrely, there have been instances of gangs of (so-called) men similarly threatening to rape gay men. Clearly it’s all just a pile of vile hate crime perpetrated by warped minds that try to justify what they do in the name of some sick notion of morality. It makes my teeth bleed with fury.
South Africa is heading backwards, give it another 15 years and it will be the new Zim. Probably led by Malema, who is the current ANC Youth leader and a very dangerous individual.
I’m gobsmacked. Every time you think the world has topped the leader board of horror another tale comes along to jangle the brain. Thanks for this article Jennie, it can’t have been easy to write.
Thank you so much for writing and publishing this Jennie. I am both sickened by what I have read and glad to have been made aware of this issue.
Apart from the hugely valuable effect of raising awareness, your piece also honours the women’s memories.
I am deeply distrubed by the terminology of “corrective rape”. The fact that people seek to sanitise and justify the crime of rape with a hideous euphemism like this reminds me of military-style terminology similarly designed to sanitise atrocities: “enhanced interrogation” for torture, “extraordinary rendition” for abducting a person and transporting them to a country where torture is legal so they can be tortured, “neutralise” for kill, and so on.
Where did the term “corrective rape” originally come from? Is it widely used to refer to this crime?
It is often a standard police practice, where autocracy reigns, and judiciaries are corrupt, to rape dissidents whether men or women. Wherever power is absolute a regime is corrupt. South Africa is in effect a one party autocracy with democratic wrappings. Change would have to come from within the ANC and the culture that produces it. Outside whities like me and I guess you have absolutely no power to alter it except by State diplomacy.
Words fail. Thank you, Jennie, for the opportunity to read this.
[...] be raped - including those detailed in this particularly well-written and thoughtful post at The Anti-Room. Correctional rape is something which is always based on a person’s freedom to be who they [...]
This is something I didn’t know anything about, I’m absolutely shocked to the core. Every time the world takes one step forward in ending homophobia, it takes two steps back. Great piece.
Appalling. I suppose it is a subtlety too far for anyone actually capable of carrying out an attack like this to grasp that if there is one thing likely to put a woman off sex with men for life, it’s rape.